What is the main physical feature there? Rabat, Morocco. Middle East and North Africa. The region’s media and leaders had been slow to come to grips with the threat in part because infection rates were minimal and confined to a few countries throughout February and into the first week of March. The name Maghreb, which in Arabic means “Isle of the West,” receives between ten and thirty inches of rainfall per year. The need for cheap labor in European countries is a major economic factor in this equation. Ethiopia Builds Up Military Presence Around GERD. Historically, the ethnicity of North Africa was predominantly Berber with the nomadic Tuareg and other local groups interspersed. Summarize the historical geography of North Africa, identify the major physical features and the main cities, and understand who the people are and where most of the population lives in the region. The role of Egyptian elements in the leadership of Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda organisation is well-known, if not necessarily well understood. It appears to have been not hereditary but elective, though in practice one family, the Magonid, dominated in the 6th century bc. In many ways, the world seems to be increasingly interconnected on some levels and at the same time, still far apart on others. North Africa Politics ... Tunisia Issues Arrest Warrant for Ex-Presidential Candidate Nabil Karoui. Even the United States involved itself with wars against the pirates off the coast of the Berber states of North Africa during the early 1800s. Africa occupied 50% of the top ten most corrupt nations in that year. It is vital to address the roots of conflict. Tunisia has a supportive Westernized society. The region was once a major trade route between the Mali Empire of the west and the trade centers of Ethiopia in the east. The Maghreb traditionally includes Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, but Libya is also considered part of the Maghreb by many inhabitants of the region. The United States is committed to partnering with Africa on a wide range of issues, from economic development and trade to peace and security; from democracy and human rights to expanding opportunities for Africa’s youth. DR Congo: Political tensions, armed attacks, displacement and COVID threats continue MONUSCO/Michael Ali Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary General in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Leila Zerrougui visits Beni in North Kivu Province in November 2020. France controlled and colonized the region of the Barbary Coast along North Africa’s western waterfront, including Algeria, Tunisia, and parts of Morocco. Get all latest news stories delivered to your phone or mail. Libya Extends Voter Registration to August 17. Egypt can no longer produce enough food for its people; about 15 percent of its food comes from other countries, mainly the United States. AUTHORS: Amal Basha is a human rights activist and a trainer in the fields of gender, development, and human rights. In the last half of the twentieth century, an enormous amount of oil was discovered in the Maghreb, and Europe has a growing need for energy. Gadhafi supported various Islamic terrorist groups and nationalized all the oil assets of international corporations in Libya in the early 1980s. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. In January 2011, the southern region of Sudan voted on a referendum that would allow the south to break away and become an independent country called the Republic of South Sudan. Check your email for details on your request. There has been a civil war between the north and the south for decades. The Nile River originates in East Africa in Lake Victoria and in Ethiopia in Lake Tana. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. His family and clan controlled much of the country’s wealth from the export of oil. These changes resulted from not only social and political reasons called "the Arab Spring" but also economic reasons from the global economic crisis. Read latest politics news across Africa on News Central. The exceptions are groups such as the Tuareg that are found in the Sahara. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. A militia group calling itself the Janjaweed was recruited by the local Arabs to counter the resistance in Darfur. It is also a transition between the Sahara Desert and the tropical type A climates of Africa’s equatorial region. Middle East and North Africa Regional Architecture: Mapping Geopolitical Shifts, Regional Order and Domestic Transformations 4 FINAL REPORTS No. When Islam diffused into North Africa, the Arab influence and culture were infused with it. Islamic architecture and influence remain part of the heritage of Iberia. The driving forces for the people have been high unemployment rates, high food prices, and the lack of adequate housing. The current conflicts in Sudan are examples of the instability. It faces many challenges within its realm, including health care issues such as HIV/AIDS and malaria that have devastated much of Africa. Ethiopia. The effects of corruption on Africa and other parts of the world are detrimental and weapon against national development. In 2003, various groups in Darfur complained that the Khartoum government was neglecting them. Food, water, and care for the refugees have taxed the region’s aid and support system. Back to Middle East and North Africa HUMAN RIGHTS IN MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA – REVIEW IN 2020. The Journal is registered in the city of Boston. North African states, most notably Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco, have been constantly exposed to security threats due to a series of political, socio-economic and military factors. With the region battling old and new challenges, here are some key security risks it must confront in the year ahead. 1. The African Transition Zone is also in transition from a rural, traditional agrarian culture to a society confronting the information age and modern technology. 394 pp. Political leaders in Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt remained in power for decades. How has the African Transition Zone divided Sudan? 2026 1210, 5th flr. The Sirte Declaration (titled after Gadhafi’s hometown of Sirte in Libya) was issued by the Organization of African Unity, which outlined the need for the creation of the AU. They converge at Khartoum. Islamism, terrorism, reform: the triangle formed by these three concepts and the complex and changeable realities to which they refer is at the centre of political debate in and about North Africa today. Western Sahara is mainly desert terrain and only has about three hundred thousand people. The fresh water of the Nile is a lifeline that enables agriculture and transportation and supports a growing human population in the region. Outline the political issues in North Africa and understand the transitions and conflicts occurring in the governments of the region. Islam was eventually pushed out of the Iberian Peninsula and held south of the Strait of Gibraltar. For thousands of years, the seasonal grazing lands of the Sahel have been home to nomadic groups herding their livestock across the zone and eking out a living held together by tradition and heritage. Massive protests and demonstrations continued until February 11, when President Mubarak announced his resignation. North Africa, region of Africa comprising the modern countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.. Europe has had a strong influence on the region, ranging from the Roman Empire, to colonial activity, to becoming a destination for immigrants looking for employment and opportunities. While the Political Risk Map 2020 highlights a challenging geopolitical and economic outlook, there are pockets of significant opportunity. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are in disarray, and shifts in the field of energy have the potential to drastically affect the course of political and economic developments in the region. After the fall of the Roman Empire, common bonds of religion and language were created for the people through the invasion of the Arabs, who introduced the Islamic faith. The North Africa Journal is a leading English-language publication focused on North Africa. Muammar Gadhafi was killed in October 2011. In 1994, the UN ruled that the zone belonged to Chad, and the dispute was finally resolved. his North Africa Economic Outlook (covering Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia) comes as the region has weathered an intense and widespread political transition, triggered by the Arab Spring, and as the commodity price boom that had fueled CEUTA, Spain (AP) — Officials in Ceuta, a Spanish enclave in North Africa, faced complications Friday in reuniting worried Moroccan parents with hundreds of children and teenagers swept up in a diplomatic standoff between Madrid and Rabat over migration and the disputed territory of Western Sahara. Islam diffused through North Africa to the Berber people of the Maghreb and entered Europe across the Strait of Gibraltar to the Iberian Peninsula. The Romans built ports, aqueducts, roads, and valuable infrastructure. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Europe needs cheap labor and more energy, provides employment opportunities, and has an advantage in its higher standards of living: these forces attract immigration and pull people toward Europe. Figure 8.14 The Main Mountain Ranges of the Maghreb. Western culture continues to compete with fundamental Islamic tendencies in the region, especially in urban centers. On January 25, 2011, the “Day of Revolt” protests were held in Egypt. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Amr Adly is a nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Middle East Center. Libya then denounced terrorism, and the United States lifted economic sanctions against Libya and exchanged ambassadors. It has been regarded by some as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east, though this designation is more commonly referred to as northern Africa. Smaller extremist groups continued to operate. She serves as chairperson of the Sisters Arab Forum for Human Rights (SAF) in Yemen, and is a regional coordinator for the Middle East and North Africa Region for the International Coalition for the International Criminal Court (CICC). The many traditional groups across this zone are adapting to the conditions of the modern world but work to retain their values and the traditions of their heritage. Edited by Yahia H. Zoubir and Haizam Amirah-Fernández. The AU’s objective is to bring more unity to the political and economic arena between the African countries to address the transition to a globalized world. Student protests against government corruption and the lack of democratic reforms emerged with an intensity that gained the support of the Egyptian people and forced the Egyptian government to respond. The White Nile flows north from Lake Victoria through Uganda and into Sudan, where it converges with the Blue Nile at the city of Khartoum, Sudan’s capital. Unrest in Libya surfaced again in 2011, coinciding with protests under way in neighboring Tunisia, Algeria, and Egypt. The reason is simple: beyond the more immediate political challenges that states in North Africa face, there are a number of more profound structural security challenges looming on the horizon – challenges that unless addressed at an early stage are likely to have devastating social, political and … The political situation changed in Egypt with the Arab Spring of 2011. Women in North Africa today enjoy more rights and protections than 20 years ago, she told Africa Renewal. The Maghreb centers on the Atlas Mountains, which traditionally has provided for a diversity of food production. Amr Adly, Idriss Azami Al Idrissi, and Ridha Saidi assessed these countries’ abilities to manage social upheaval and economic challenges in light of growing inequalities. As you fit the pieces of the geographic puzzle together, you can understand why populations centralize in some places and not in others. Beginning in 2010, corruption, unemployment, and a lack of personal freedoms prompted Tunisians to take to the streets in massive protests, which grew into a revolution for change. Wahid Ahmed September 23, 2011 at 12:15 am. Algeria is Africa’s largest country as of 2011. 4.2 United States: Early Development and Globalization, 4.3 United States: Population and Religion, 4.5 Regions of the United States and Canada, Chapter 8: North Africa and Southwest Asia, 8.3 North Africa and the African Transition Zone, 11.3 The Insular Region (Islands of Southeast Asia). Political boundaries now restrict movement and keep people divided and separated into national identities. North Africa can supply labor and oil, has high levels of unemployment, and suffers from poor economic conditions: these factors push people to emigrate from North Africa to places where conditions are more attractive. Role of Islam in Politics. They often lead camel caravans on long trips through the desert. Gadhafi was no longer in control of the country, as the NTC became the transitional power base. Economic conditions have remained thorny during the transition. The dominating activities of colonialism and neocolonialism (corporate colonialism) are big concerns for the AU. The Islamic influence thrived in Iberia and would have continued into mainland Europe if not stopped by Christian forces such as Charles Martel’s army in the famous Battle of Tours. Describe the main qualities of the African Transition Zone and explain how the dynamics of this zone are affecting the country of Sudan. Economic and political pressures are building across North Africa. 2018 was a very eventful year for the African continent. Before a peace agreement brokered in 2005, military soldiers from the north would raid the villages in the south, taking women and children as slaves. Known as the Sahel, meaning “border or margin,” this zone is where the dry arid conditions of the desert north meet up with the moister region of the tropics. The top two risks across the region for doing business are “energy price shock” and “unemployment or underemployment”, according to respondents in the Middle East and North Africa to the Executive Opinion Survey. Carnegie’s Hamza Meddeb moderated. The Darfur region has been experiencing genocide by Janjaweed militias backed by the Arab majority in northern Sudan. The political arena is dynamic: changes in political leadership through coups or military takeovers are common, as is authoritarian rule. The acceptance of this new republic will change the map of the region and the dynamics between South Sudan and North Sudan. Almost five years after the outbreak of the Arab Spring, countries across North Africa are experiencing different phases of political change. The legal issues regarding border disputes or territorial disputes such as that of Western Sahara are problems that the AU attempts to address.
Holland America Login,
Skeletonwitch Metal Archives,
Copper Fungicide Near Me,
Honda Goldwing 2018 Used,
Spinosaurus Indominus Rex Hybrid,
Beaded Cocktail Dress,
Dallas Midstream Companies,
Witcher 3 Disable Fake Lights,
Nintendo Game Tester From Home,
Alcubierre Drive Speed,